1.Describe the processes that give an animal acquired immunity as a result of vaccination?

also if you could please answer


2. state 4 bacterial dieseases that farm animals are protected against through vaccination


3. advantages and disadvantages of 4 disease control management practices on either - vaccinnation, quarantine, feeding for resilence, breeding for resistance and eradication


where possible talk of animal welfare, environmental protection, chemical resistance is targeted organisms and human safety in your advantages and disadvantes.





if anyone could please help me with any of these questions - it would be much appreciated



Whenever a virus enters the body, the body recognizes it as foreign and creates anti-bodies to kill it. Sometimes you get sick before the body creates enough of them to get the virus killed off (like the flu). The "pattern" for those particular anti-bodies remain and should the same virus appear again, the body is ready, creates lots of new anti-bodies and kills the virus before you have a chance to get sick.





Vaccines are either a weakened live virus, a killed virus or a genetically altered virus. A weakened virus is alive but isn't strong enough to overwhelm your body and your body has time to create anti-bodies. A killed virus is dead but the body recognizes the "little corpses" and creates anti-bodies. A genetically altered virus is alive but has been modified to make the virus harmless. Kind of like pulling all the teeth in a mean dog.





Blackleg, tetanus, enterotoximia, foot rot, anthrax, hoof and mouth are a few that are vaccinated for.





Good and bad? Hoof and mouth vaccine keeps animals from getting H&M, but the anti-bodies that result are what prevents animals or meat from being exported from some South American countries to Europe.





Quarantine is good if it can be enforced but sometimes diseases can be carried by host animals like wildlife, birds, etc.





Feeding for resiliance is simply trying to keep animals healthy enough to fight of any sicknesses that come along. This works for opportunistic diseases, but does no good at all for more virulent diseases.





Breeding for resistance is the most effective method for internal parasites and such but for some diseases there simply is no genetically inherited resistance possible.





Eradication is certainly one way to get rid of a problem, but often times healthy animals are killed along with the sick ones.





Animal welfare? Ha! In the US there is no more horse slaughter because of animal rights groups. They see horses as pets or "companion animals" and not as food like people in France and Belgium do. As a result, horses are worth practically nothing because there is no slaughter market to salvage old or unwanted animals. Because of this, old horses are let suffer until they die or starve after being dumped out like a stray dog because the owner could no longer afford to feed them. That's happened in several southern Missouri counties.





Chemical resistance is a real problem when it comes to internal parasites in sheep and goats. There are three families of wormers and when the products have been over used or used unwisely, parasites are resistant to all three families. This has become rather common in Australia and without any effective control, animals die or perform very poorly.